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Iron Deficiency Causes and Symptoms

Iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder worldwide, affecting millions of people, particularly in developing countries where access to iron-rich foods is limited. It occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

Common Causes of Iron Deficiency​

Iron deficiency can be caused by various factors including:

  • Poor diet: A diet lacking in iron-rich foods such as lean meats, fish, beans, lentils, and fortified cereals can lead to iron deficiency.
  • Pregnancy: Pregnant women have a higher demand for iron due to the increased blood volume and the needs of the fetus. If this demand is not met through diet or supplements, it can lead to iron deficiency anemia in mothers-to-be.
  • Menstruation: Women who menstruate heavily may lose more iron than their bodies can replace, leading to iron deficiency over time.
  • Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the body's need for iron and impair its absorption. Common causes of chronic inflammation include infections, autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.
  • Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis can affect the small intestine's ability to absorb iron.
  • Age: Iron deficiency is more common in children, teenagers, and adults over 65 due to factors like poor diet, menstruation, or reduced iron absorption.
  • Blood loss: Frequent blood transfusions or internal bleeding from injuries, ulcers, or cancer can lead to iron deficiency.

Symptoms of Iron Deficiency​

Iron deficiency often presents with nonspecific symptoms that may be mistaken for other conditions. Some common signs and symptoms include:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Shortness of breath due to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues
  • Pale skin
  • Cold hands and feet
  • Headaches and dizziness
  • Poor appetite
  • Restless leg syndrome

If left untreated, iron deficiency can lead to more severe complications like anemia, heart problems, and impaired cognitive function. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential for identifying and addressing underlying causes of iron deficiency.